Two prominent metabolic processes come into play when carbohydrates are limited in body tissues: gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. As a result, glycogen stores are depleted, triggering a series of metabolic changes. However, when carbohydrate intake is restricted to less than 50 grams daily, insulin secretion decreases significantly, leading the body into a catabolic state. Ĭarbohydrates typically serve as the main source of energy production in the body's tissues. In recent years, the ketogenic diet has experienced a resurgence, particularly as a weight loss intervention, proving its efficacy in the short term. The diet was popularized in the 1970s and has since been widely studied as a potential treatment for various conditions. For almost a decade, the ketogenic diet was viewed as a therapeutic option for pediatric epilepsy, but its prominence diminished with the advent of antiepileptic drugs. He also coined the term "ketogenic diet." Through his observations, Wilder noticed the diet reduced the frequency and intensity of seizures in a subset of his patients who followed this dietary approach. Russell Wilder first used the ketogenic diet to treat epilepsy in 1921. For instance, in a 2000 kcal per day diet, the carbohydrate allowance would amount to approximately 20 to 50 grams daily. The macronutrient distribution typically ranges from approximately 55% to 60% fat, 30% to 35% protein, and 5% to 10% carbohydrates. Ī ketogenic diet primarily consists of high fat intake, moderate protein consumption, and low carbohydrate intake. Recent research indicates potential benefits in reducing the risk of certain diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, and cancer. The primary goal of the ketogenic diet is to decrease overall body fat and improve metabolic health. By significantly reducing carbohydrate consumption and increasing fat and protein intake, this diet induces a metabolic state called ketosis, where the body utilizes fat as its primary fuel source instead of carbohydrates. The ketogenic or keto diet is a dietary approach characterized by high-fat and low-carbohydrate intake, aiming to facilitate weight loss, enhance mental clarity, and boost energy levels. Among these regimens, the very low-carbohydrate and high-fat ketogenic diet has emerged as a highly effective approach for rapid weight loss. However, implementing appropriately tailored diet regimens for weight reduction can potentially mitigate the obesity epidemic to some extent. This pervasive issue is closely linked to the development of chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, all predominantly associated with an unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits. Despite continuous advances in the medical world, obesity remains a major worldwide health hazard, contributing to adult mortality as high as 2.8 million per year.
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